Cities and climate change - Integrating and monitoring spatial planning, mitigation and adaptation issues
Author: Dipl.-Ing. Luciana Francisco Maia
Abstract
The urbanisation process poses a great pressure to the already delicate environment and development issues in low- and middle-income countries. In addition, climate changes consequences are already being felt and are likely to intensify, bringing further challenges to these nations. Spatial planning contributes to accommodate the expected unprecedented urban growth and the resulting pressure on land and other resources. In face of climate change, however, spatial planning can also play a key role in supporting mitigation and adaptation measures in cities. Detailed facts in relation to urbanisation and climate change challenges, and the possible opportunities for achieving change are discussed. Moreover, the role and needs of cities in reacting to climate change is examined. As an essential investigation of this work, the contributions of spatial planning for reducing greenhouse gas emissions on the one hand, and risks and vulnerabilities, at the other, are analysed. In order to integrate both issues at the local level, a strategic approach is necessary, strongly relying upon indicators to monitor the efficiency of actions being taken. For the suggestion of indicators, first an examination of existing rameworks is performed. In conclusion, the applicability of such a concept to developing countries is critically investigated, based on the relevant strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats influencing the overall conditions in their urban areas.
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